City of Gambella 100th Anniversary Centennial Celebration

Gambella, April 11, 2014 (GSN) - The City of Gambella, will be celebrating its Centennial on April 26 - 28, 2014. Preparation underway for the 100th Anniversary of Centennial Celebration, city crews race to finish road repairs and workers build platforms, as media crews ready for the televised event across the region.

“Come and Celebrate with us! Experience the unforgettable as you join in the celebrations of the centennial of our city, we are ready and excited to  invite everyone to join us on historic celebration and special programs, activities put on to celebrate this special anniversary.” Said City Mayor, Chibi Chibi.

Here are the quick facts: Gambella is important because bridges over both the Baro and the Jajjaba are located in that city. The Anyuak, Nur, Maganger, Oppo, Komo are inhabitants of Gambella live together in harmony. The town also boasts an airport (ICAO code HAGM, IATA GMB) and is near the Gambella National Park.

Gambella (Amharic: ጋምቤላ?) is a city and separate woreda in Ethiopia and the capital of the Gambella Region or kilil. Located in Anyuak Zone, at the confluence of the Baro River and its tributary the Jajjaba, the city has a latitude and longitude of  WikiMiniAtlas 8°15′N 34°35′E / 8.250°N 34.583°E / 8.250; 34.583Coordinates: 8°15′N 34°35′E / 8.250°N 34.583°E / 8.250; 34.583 and an elevation of 526 meters. It is surrounded by Gambella Zuria.

Gambella was founded because of its location on the Baro, a tributary of the Nile, which was seen by both the British and Ethiopia as an excellent highway for exporting coffee and other goods from the fertile Ethiopian Highlands to South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt.


British Concession:
[1902-1956] Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia granted Britain use of a port along the Baro May 15, 1902, and in 1907 the port and a customs station were founded at Gambella.

A shipping service run by Sudan Railways linked Khartoum with Gambella, a distance of 1,366 kilometers. According to Richard Pankhurst, by the mid-1930s boats sailed twice a month during the rainy season, taking seven days downstream and eleven upstream.


According to Bahru Zewde, British interest in the concession was due, in part, to the attraction of ' tapping the allegedly fabulous commercial potential of Western Ethiopia and drawing the whole region into the economic orbit of the Sudan ', but also intended ' to be a brilliant British countermove to avert the virtual commercial hegemony in Ethiopia that the Jibouti-Addis Ababa Railway seemed to promise the French. ' In fact it benefitted the Abyssinians themselves not to have their economy at the control of a single European power, whether French or British or even Italian, and Menelik was playing a wise game of playing his colonial neighbours against each other, to avoid any single one gaining a monopoly, whilst opening his country to the benefits of trade and technology, as part of a major programme of modernisation. Although over 70% of Ethiopia's external trade passed through the port at Djibouti between 1911 and 1917, the share of goods passing through Gambella had the fastest rate of growth until the Italian conquest.


The British did have to cope with the Ethiopian governors of Sayo and Gore, who showed a keen interest in the money to be made in the cross-border trade. A small detachment of troops from the nominal condominium of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was posted to Gambella to maintain order and security within the concession and defend it from outside interests in what was still a largely lawless country, following numerous Egyptian, Islamist, British and Italian interventions, and a consequent breakdown of civil authority, over the previous decades.


The Regent Ras Tafari (the later Emperor Haile Selassie), beginning on 9 July 1927, granted a number of concessions to T. Zervos and A. Danalis to construct a road 180 kilometers in length to connect Gambella with the towns of Metu and Gore.


The British Concession was not directly affected by the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 but when Italian East Africa was formally established in 1936, the Ethiopian concession was deemed to have lapsed. The shipping service suspended and the steamer, together with the British resident, left Gambella on 14 October. With the river traffic now gone, the Italians provided an alternative link for the town, by building a further road from Gambella, this one to Nekemte, between 1936 and 1940. Gambella was taken from the Italians by the 2/6 King's African Rifles on 3 February 1941. The property of the British buildings were reported to have been respected and left intact during the peacetime and wartime Italian administration. The original Resident returned, but the Concession was no longer distinctive, as the whole country remained under British administration, the Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (OETA), for a number of years, until sufficient Ethiopian administrators had been trained.


Lij Tewodros, a son of Lij Iyasu, surfaced in the Gambella area in May 1941 proclaiming himself Emperor. His insurrection was put down by Belgian Congo troops before they left the area in February 1942.

A new Anglo-Ethiopian treaty was signed on 19 December 1944 which virtually eliminated British privileges, but the Gambella enclave continued. The Ethiopian government gradually increased its control over the enclave: outlawing the Maria Theresa Thaler as legal tender, requiring all merchants to obtain passports in person in Addis Ababa, and in 1951 informing the British resident, Captain Dribble, that he could no longer judge or imprison anyone. When he departed 30 October 1954, the end of the enclave was in sight. The enclave was still held by the Sudanese when they achieved independence, but they did not agree to hand the enclave back to Ethiopia until 15 October 1956.


The port was closed during the Derg era, and as of 2005 it remains closed due to tension between the Sudan People's Liberation Army and the Ethiopian government, though there are hopes to reopen the port. The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front announced on 27 May 1991 that they had gained control of Gambella.

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